Kali Linux & Other Linux All Commands A-Z

Kali Linux command is a powerful penetration testing distribution by offensive security. It is available in 32-bit, 64-bit, and ARM flavors. With the help of the Kali Linux features, we can easily create custom complex images. Kali Linux offers various certifications such as OSCP, OSWE, OSEP, OSWP, OSEE, and KLCP. The testing tools of the Kali Linux commands can be categorized into information gathering, password attacks, vulnerability assessment, web applications, exploitation tools, sniffing and spoofing, maintaining access, system services, and reporting tools.

Kali Linux comprises various tools that can be used for wireless attacks, hardware hacking, forensics, stress testing, and reverse engineering. A USB disk, hard disk, or Live DVD can be used to install it. Network services are HTTP, MYSQL, and SSH. These are quite useful when using the Kali Linux commands.

Kali Linux operates on some Android devices. Its predecessor is Backtrack which was carried over to Kali via Live Boot. The system becomes easy to use once the users get the command over it.

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The following is the list of Kali Linux basic commands:

A 

apropos 

Search Help manual pages (man -k) 

apt-get 

Search for and install software packages (Debian) 

aptitude 

Search for and install software packages (Debian) 

aspell 

Spell Checker 

awk 

Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index B b

B

basename 

Strip directory and suffix from filenames

bash 

GNU Bourne-Again Shell

bc 

Arbitrary precision calculator language

bg 

Send to background

break 

Exit from a loop

builtin 

Run a shell builtin

bzip2 

Compress or decompress named files

C

cal 

Display a calendar

case

 Conditionally perform a command

cat 

Concatenate and print (display) the content of files

cd 

Change Directory

cfdisk 

Partition table manipulator for Linux

chgrp 

Change group ownership

chmod 

Change access permissions

chown 

Change file owner and group

chroot 

Run a command with a different root directory

chkconfig 

System services (runlevel)

cksum 

Print CRC checksum and byte counts

clear 

Clear terminal screen

cmp 

Compare two files

comm 

Compare two sorted files line by line

command 

Run a command – ignoring shell functions

continue 

Resume the next iteration of a loop

cp 

Copy one or more files to another location

cron 

Daemon to execute scheduled commands

crontab 

Schedule a command to run at a later time

csplit 

Split a file into context-determined pieces

cut 

Divide a file into several parts

D

date 

Display or change the date and time

dc 

Desk Calculator

dd 

Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records

ddrescue 

Data recovery tool

declare 

Declare variables and give them attributes

df

 Display free disk space

diff 

Display the differences between two files

diff3 

Show differences among three files

dig 

DNS lookup

dir 

Briefly list directory contents

dircolors 

Colour setup for `ls’

dirname

 Convert a full pathname to just a path

dirs 

Display list of remembered directories

dmesg 

Print kernel & driver messages

du 

Estimate file space usage

E

echo 

Display message on screen

egrep 

Search files for lines that match an extended expression

eject 

Eject removable media

enable 

Enable and disable builtin shell commands

env 

Environment variables

ethtool 

Ethernet card settings

eval 

Evaluate several commands/arguments

exec 

Execute a command

exit 

Exit the shell

expect 

Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal

expand 

Convert tabs to spaces

export 

Set an environment variable

expr 

Evaluate expressions

F

false 

Do nothing, unsuccessfully

fdformat 

Low-level format a floppy disk

fdisk 

Partition table manipulator for Linux

fg 

Send job to foreground

fgrep 

Search files for lines that match a fixed string

file 

Determine file type

find 

Search for files that meet a desired criteria

fmt 

Reformat paragraph text

fold 

Wrap text to fit a specified width

for 

Expand words, and execute commands

format 

Format disks or tapes

free 

Display memory usage

fsck 

File system consistency check and repair

FTP 

File Transfer Protocol

function 

Define Function Macros

fuser 

Identify/kill the process that is accessing a file

G

gawk 

Find and Replace text within files

getopts 

Parse positional parameters

grep 

Search files for lines that match a given pattern

groupadd 

Add a user security group

groupdel 

Delete a group

groupmod 

Modify a group

groups 

Print group names a user is in

gzip 

Compress or decompress named files

H

hash 

Remember the full pathname of a name argument

head 

Output the first part of files

help 

Display help for a built-in command

history 

Command History

hostname 

Print or set system name

I

iconv 

Convert the character set of a file

id 

Print user and group id’s

if 

Conditionally perform a command

ifconfig 

Configure a network interface

ifdown 

Stop a network interface

ifup 

Start a network interface up

import 

Capture an X server screen and save the image to file

install 

Copy files and set attributes

J

jobs 

List active jobs

join 

Join lines on a common field

K

kill 

Stop a process from running

killall 

Kill processes by name

L

less 

Display output one screen at a time

let 

Perform arithmetic on shell variables

ln 

Create a symbolic link to a file

local 

Create variables

locate 

Find files

logname 

Print current login name

logout 

Exit a login shell

look 

Display lines beginning with a given string

lpc 

Line printer control program

lpr 

Off line print

lprint 

Print a file

lprintd 

Abort a print job

lprintq 

List the print queue

lprm 

Remove jobs from the print queue

ls 

List information about files

lsof 

List open files

M

make 

Recompile a group of programs

man 

Help manual

mkdir 

Create new folders

mkfifo 

Make FIFOs (named pipes)

mkisofs 

Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem

mknod 

Make block or character special files

more 

Display output one screen at a time

mount 

Mount a file system

mtools 

Manipulate MS-DOS files

mtr 

Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)

mv 

Move or rename files or directories

mmv 

Mass Move and rename files

N

netstat 

Networking information

nice 

Set the priority of a command or job

nl 

Number lines and write files

nohup 

Run a command immune to hangups

notify-send 

Send desktop notifications

nslookup 

Query Internet name servers interactively

O

open 

Open a file in its default application

op 

Operator access

P

passed 

Modify a user password

paste 

Merge lines of files

pathchk 

Check file name portability

ping 

Test a network connection

pkill 

Stop processes from running

popd 

Restore the previous value of the current directory

pr 

Prepare files for printing

printcap 

Printer capability database

printenv 

Print environment variables

printf 

Format and print data

ps 

Process status

pushd 

Save and then change the current directory

pwd 

Print Working Directory

Q

quota 

Display disk usage and limits

quotacheck 

Scan a file system for disk usage

quotactl 

Set disk quotas

R

ram 

ram disk device

rcp 

Copy files between two machines

read 

Read a line from standard input

readarray 

Read from stdin into an array variable

readonly 

Mark variables/functions as readonly

reboot 

Reboot the system

rename

 Rename files

renice 

Alter priority of running processes

remsync 

Synchronize remote files via email

return 

Exit a shell function

rev 

Reverse lines of a file

rm 

Remove files

rmdir 

Remove folders

rsync 

Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)

S

screen 

Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh

scp 

Secure copy (remote file copy)

sdiff 

Merge two files interactively

sed 

Stream Editor

select 

Accept keyboard input

seq 

Print numeric sequences

set 

Manipulate shell variables and functions

sftp 

Secure File Transfer Program

shift 

Shift positional parameters

shopt 

Shell Options

shutdown 

Shutdown or restart linux

sleep 

Delay for a specified time

slocate 

Find files

sort 

Sort text files

source 

Run commands from a file

split 

Split a file into fixed-size pieces

ssh 

Secure Shell client (remote login program)

strace 

Trace system calls and signals

su 

Substitute user identity

sudo 

Execute a command as another user

sum 

Print a checksum for a file

suspend 

Suspend execution of this shell

symlink 

Make a new name for a file

sync 

Synchronize data on disk with memory

T

tail 

Output the last part of file

tar 

Tape Archiver

tee 

Redirect output to multiple files

test 

Evaluate a conditional expression

time

 Measure Program running time

times 

User and system times

touch

 Change file timestamps

top

 List processes running on the system

traceroute

 Trace Route to Host

trap

 Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)

tr

Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters

true

 Do nothing, successfully

tsort 

Topological sort

tty 

Print filename of terminal on stdin

type

 Describe a command

U

limit 

Limit user resources

umask 

Users file creation mask

umount 

Unmount a device

unalias

Remove an alias

uname 

Print system information

unexpand

Convert spaces to tabs

uniq 

Uniquify files

units 

Convert units from one scale to another

unset

Remove variable or function names

unshar

 Unpack shell archive scripts

until 

Execute commands (until error)

uptime

 Show uptime

useradd

Create new user account

usermod

Modify user account

users 

List users currently logged in

uuencode 

Encode a binary file

uudecode

Decode a file created by uuencode

V

v 

Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)

vdir 

Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)

vi 

Text Editor

vmstat 

Report virtual memory statistics

W

wait 

Wait for a process to complete

watch

 Execute/display a program periodically

wc 

Print byte, word, and line counts

whereis 

Search the user’s $path, man pages and source files for a program

which 

Search the user’s $path for a program file

while

 Execute commands

who

 Print all usernames currently logged in

whoami 

Print the current user id and name (`id -un’)

wget

 Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP

write 

Send a message to another user

X

xargs 

Execute utility, passing constructed argument lists

xdg-open 

Open a file or URL in the user’s preferred application

Y

yes 

Print a string until interrupted

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